Migration of birds- a mystry
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| Birds on migration |
Migration of birds -a mystery
What is bird migration
Migration means going from one place to another. It has come from the Latin word ' migrara'. Birds move from one place to another in search of favorable weather condition, for food, for breeding etc. But bird migration does not mean that they shift their residence permanently. They come from their home place to another place for better environment and after spending few months at their new 'home' they finally go back to their original home. this happens during a particular season and happen every year. So this is a two way journey. There is a type of 'Internal biological clock' which determine this phenomenon.
Different types of migration
We can devide migration in seven categories according to the type. Those are as bellows.
1) Latitudinal
2) Longitudinal
3) Vertical or Altitudinal
4) Partial
5) Total
6) Vagrant or irregular
7) Seasonal
1)Latitudinal migration
The latitudinal migration is the movement from north to south and vice versa. Birds who lives in the northern hemisphere moves for better weather condition to southern hemisphere when there is winter in northern region.Artic Terns breeds in the northern region and migrate to Antartic zone covering a distance of 22500 km.
2) Longitudinal migration
The longitudinal migration is a type of migration when birds migrates from east to west and vice versa.
3) Altitudinal migration
The altitudinal migration is seen in the Mountaineous regions. Many birds who live in high altitude come down to lower altitude during winter.
4) Partial migration
When all the members of a group do not take part in migration, we call it partial migration.
5) Total migration
When all the members of a group migrate, we call it total migration.
6) Vagrant or Irregular migration
When some birds change their dwelling for food and better living to a short or long distance, it is called Vagrant or Irregular migration.
7) Daily migration
Some birds make their journey daily from their nests by the influnce of the environment.
8) Seasonal migration
Some birds migrate at different seasons of the year for food and breeding called seasonal migrational.This can happen in summer as well as in winter.
Cause of migration
Most of the species of the birds migrate following a same shedule and same route. The cause of migration are not clearly known but assumes due to the following factor.
i) Gonadal change
ii) Scarcity of food
iii) Photoperidism
iv) Seasonal variation
v) Light
Mechanism of migration is a mystry till today. Birds that migrate, follow a definite route and a definite place.It is assume that both the route and goal must have been implanted in their Genetic Code. It is seen that old and experienced birds lead the way and the rest of the birds of that group( younger generation) follow them.Ornithologists assume that the migration is guided by different factors.
a) Earth's magnetic field
b) Sun
c) Stars
d) The "Compass" and the Internal clock of birds
On the contrary the birds coming from abroad may have some disease of which they are immune but not the native birds where they are coming. As a result it is often seen that residencial birds are dying of some unknown disease, that they got from the foreign migratory birds. So, we can take it as a negetive side of migration.
2) Longitudinal
3) Vertical or Altitudinal
4) Partial
5) Total
6) Vagrant or irregular
7) Seasonal
1)Latitudinal migration
The latitudinal migration is the movement from north to south and vice versa. Birds who lives in the northern hemisphere moves for better weather condition to southern hemisphere when there is winter in northern region.Artic Terns breeds in the northern region and migrate to Antartic zone covering a distance of 22500 km.
2) Longitudinal migration
The longitudinal migration is a type of migration when birds migrates from east to west and vice versa.
3) Altitudinal migration
The altitudinal migration is seen in the Mountaineous regions. Many birds who live in high altitude come down to lower altitude during winter.
4) Partial migration
When all the members of a group do not take part in migration, we call it partial migration.
5) Total migration
When all the members of a group migrate, we call it total migration.
6) Vagrant or Irregular migration
When some birds change their dwelling for food and better living to a short or long distance, it is called Vagrant or Irregular migration.
7) Daily migration
Some birds make their journey daily from their nests by the influnce of the environment.
8) Seasonal migration
Some birds migrate at different seasons of the year for food and breeding called seasonal migrational.This can happen in summer as well as in winter.
Cause of migration
Most of the species of the birds migrate following a same shedule and same route. The cause of migration are not clearly known but assumes due to the following factor.
i) Gonadal change
ii) Scarcity of food
iii) Photoperidism
iv) Seasonal variation
v) Light
How bird migrate ( Guiding mechanism )
Mechanism of migration is a mystry till today. Birds that migrate, follow a definite route and a definite place.It is assume that both the route and goal must have been implanted in their Genetic Code. It is seen that old and experienced birds lead the way and the rest of the birds of that group( younger generation) follow them.Ornithologists assume that the migration is guided by different factors.
a) Earth's magnetic field
b) Sun
c) Stars
d) The "Compass" and the Internal clock of birds
Advantage and disadvantage of migration
As stated earlier, migration is a two way journey. Journey from homeland to a new temporary place and from temporary place to homeland. This process of migration has a positive as well as a negetive side also. During migration different species of birds from different places come to a new temporary residense from their home places. At the time of returning, that is quite possible that some birds, due to availability of food and suitable weather stayed here permanently. As a result the diversity of species increase at that place. we can think it a positive side of migration.On the contrary the birds coming from abroad may have some disease of which they are immune but not the native birds where they are coming. As a result it is often seen that residencial birds are dying of some unknown disease, that they got from the foreign migratory birds. So, we can take it as a negetive side of migration.
International Treaty on Bird's Migration
Birds don't know any barrier. During migration they flies from one country to another. To protect them different countries has made a treaty to protect the birds of other's country.
As for example, Australia is a habitat of millions of migratory birds each year. To ensure their protection, the Australian Government has fostered international cooperation through a range of agreements. This Government has a bilateral migratory bird agreement with Japan (JAMBA), with China (CAMBA) and with Republic of Korea (ROKAMBA). This agreements ware done at the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species Of Wild Animals (Bonn Convention), the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, the agreements on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels (ACAP), and through the EastAsian-Australasion Flyway Partnership.
Beside that, African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbird Agreement (AEWA) is also worth mention.
Next : Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary
Beside that, African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbird Agreement (AEWA) is also worth mention.
Next : Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary
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